5-day instructor-led training with case studies., 0900 - 1700

The goal of “UMTS System Engineering, Air interface, Antenna Systems, and Indoor Design” is to present details and up-to-date information on the UMTS standard. The participants will become familiar with the features of the UMTS standard and why and how it evolved. The participants will learn about practical performance and deployment issues specific to the UMTS and Indoor design standards. The processes, procedures and protocols followed in the indoor design process.

This course will enable participants to:

• Develop their understanding of what UMTS is, its overview and architecture;
• Develop their appreciation of how UMTS and related technologies can be used to deliver value to customers
• Explore the linkages between technological capabilities of UMTS and the antenna systems used for their optimum performance for the same;
• In building solutions and their needs;
• In building design process including a case study and indoor planning process and procedures and the final report.

The participants will gain a detailed end-to-end knowledge of the UMTS technology, its benefits and potential pitfalls. Furthermore, they will able to address real-world problems of the indoor design deployment.

A basic knowledge of GSM/CDMA, IP and data communication technology will be required.

For engineers and managers responsible for the planning, design, and operation of UMTS networks and indoor design services

1. Overview of Mobile Networks
i.First Generation Networks
ii.Second Generation Networks
iii.Third Generation Networks
iv.WCDMA Basics and Comparison with GSM

2. UMTS System Architecture
i.UTRAN Architecture
ii.Network Elements
– Node B, RNC, MGW
iii.Interfaces – Uu, Iu, Iub, Iur
iv.Multiple Access Technologies
– FDMA, TDMA, CDMA
v.Bearer – RAB – Radio Access Bearer Types

3. Spreading and Channelization Codes and Spreading process
i.Spreading principle
ii.Channelization codes
iii.Scrambling Codes
iv.Spread spectrum Gain
v.Scrambling Code Planning

4. Power Control, Link Adaptation and Handover
i.Fast Link Adaptation
ii.Power and capacity calculations
iii.Power Control
iv.Open loop
v.Outer Loop - RNC
vi.Inner Loop – RBS
vii.Control Channels and their Power settings
viii.Power Ramping on RACH
ix.Softer, Soft, hard handovers

5. Air Interface and Channels a–(Logical, Transport, Physical)
i.Downlink and Uplink logical channels
ii.Downlink and Uplink transport Channels
iii.Downlink and Uplink Physical Channels
iv.Common Pilot Channel and Sync Channel
v.Dedicated Control and Data Channel
vi.Power and capacity calculations
vii.Power Control
viii.Open loop
ix.Outer Loop - RNC
x.Inner Loop – RBS
xi.Control Channels and their Power settings
xii.Power Ramping on RACH
xiii.Softer, Soft, hard handovers

6. Combining, Antenna Systems and MHA
i.Type of Combining
ii.BTS Specifications
iii.MHA
iv.Purposes
v.Specifications
vi.Base Station Antenna
vii.Type of Base Station Antenna
viii.Specifications
ix.Antenna Radiation Patterns

Indoor System Design

7. Overview
Why Indoor Network?
i.Coverage everywhere - good network reputation
ii.Too expensive to increase the indoor location probability from outdoor sites
iii.Increasing the in-building Quality
iv.Increasing Capacity => High Indoor Frequency Reuse

Typical High Traffic Indoor Locations
i.Office Buildings/Corporate Buildings
ii. Shopping Malls
iii. Hotels
iv. Airports
v. Railway/Bus Stations
vi. Indoor Stadiums

8. RF Transmission Media
Distributed Antenna System
i.Choose antennas that match to the environment
-i.e. hard to spot!
ii. Install high enough
- prevent desensitization

Leaky Cable
i.Leaky cable is modified feeder cable which radiates the BTS signal into the installation environment and receives MS signal i.e. as normal antenna
ii.Leaky cable creates cylindrical field around the cable
iii.Leaky cable provides uniform coverage
iv.Leaky cable is wideband
v.Provides coverage also into location where the RF connection otherwise not possible
vi.Cable could be installed both horizontal/vertical
vii.Cable can be splitted as normal distribution lines
viii.Cable can be terminated with terminator or standard antenna

Optical Fibre
i.The total strand diameter for single mode fiber is about 125m
ii.The ultra pure glass that forms the core transmission medium is 8–10 m
iii.Low loss signal distribution within certain range (typical 1dB/Km for 50/125u fiber at 1310nm wavelength) Typical losses introduced by splices and connectors are 0.1 and0.5 dB respectively

Comparison between Different types

Applications
- General Categorization
i.Distributed Antenna System
ii.Shopping Malls, Airports, etc
iii.Leaky Cable
iv.Tunnels
v.Optical Fibre
vi.To be used when the cable runs are too long for a distributed antenna system

9. Link Budget Sample Calculation

10. Integrated Radio System
Introduction Integrated Radio System
i.One common shared indoor system to accommodate Multi-Band Multi-Operator
ii.Use equipment that cover all bands (800MHz, 900MHz, 1800MHz)

Why?
i.Too many antennas and cable inside the area
ii.Different operators have different equipment rooms, i.e. more space required
iii.Unfair environment to late comer

System Diagram

Point of Interconnect POI Criteria
i.Insertion Loss
ii.How much signal is attenuated?
iii.Power Handling
iv.Total power allowed
v.Return Loss
vi.Expressed in dB, indicates the ratio of the transmitted power to the reflected power
vii.Isolation between ports

Intermodulation
i.A nonlinear device
ii.Non-linear characteristics
iii.can be active and passive devices
iv.Active
a)Mixed frequency products in transmission elements with non-linear characteristics

v.Passive
a)Mixed frequency products in components with linear characteristics but:
vi.imperfect contacts at conductor junctions
vii.presence of ferromagnetic materials in or near the current path

Intermodulation Minimization
i.Avoid active elements
ii.Amplifiers have IP3 limitation
iii.Isolation between Transmit and Receive antennas
iv.40dB at about 2m apart (using Katherine Omni indoor antenna to make measurements)
v.Use band pass filters
vi.Filter out the IM products

11. Amplifiers
Gain and Output Power Rating Gain
i.Difference in output signal to input signal
ii.Selection of Gain is relative easy (30dB, 50dB, 80dB…etc)

Output Power
i.The number of carriers to be amplified and output level

Noise Figures
i.Every Amplifier produces noise
ii.Amplifier amplifying both the Signal and Noise
iii.The carrier-to-noise ratio (C/N) between the input and output of the amplifier is called Noise Figure

Third Order Intercept Point

1dB Compression Point
i.When there is 1dB difference in the output when increasing the input, we define it as 1 dB compression point.
ii.It defines the power handling capability
iii.Ensure the amplifier will not be driven beyond the linear operating region
iv.As a rule of thumb, 1dB compression point is 10 dB down from athe IP3 point

Power Backoff

12. Repeaters
Band Selective Repeater
i.Two amplifiers, working in duplexed Operation
ii.It amplifies all signals within the selected frequency band

Channel Selective Repeater

Repeater Restrictions
i.Repeaters must be used in cells with good donor cell coverage
ii.The repeater must transmit and receive all frequency channels of the donor base station
iii.Sufficient decoupling
iv.Rule of thumb: 15 dB above the gain of the repeater is required between the antennas

Repeater Applications
i.Couple outdoor signals into indoor
ii.Acts as extension of base stations, not for their replacement
iii.Amplified signals are distributed to different floors by coaxial cable
iv.Donor signal input to the repeater should be within a range
v.too low, bad C/N
vi.too high, saturates the amplifier

13. Indoor Mapping
Indoor Positioning
1.All measurements performed follow carefully defined routes:
2.Walking path is a series of straight lines only
3.All turns in walking paths must be planned and marked on floor plan
4.Markers were placed in log file at the turning points
5.Co-ordinates created:
6.Dummy co-ordinates created on the floor plan by using MapInfo
7.Co-ordinates at turning points (markers) are measured off floor plan
8.Co-ordinates inserted to log file utilizing time stamps and markers

Signal Strength

Timing Advance