The SDH technique features numerous accessory functions and
advantages, beginning with its very high transmission
capacity. Today, SDH has replaced most PDH systems, except
in some radio relay systems. High capacity SDH backbone
networks are the transmission infrastructure not only of
legacy telephone networks, but also of packet-switched
broadband networks (ATM, IP).
Newer developments of SDH,
namely Virtual Concatenation (VCAT) and Link Capacity
Adjustment Scheme (LCAS), further enhance its flexibility
and capabilities, and make it the transmission technology of
choice also for high-speed data transport networks.
Key Benefits
This training provides a thorough overview on several topics
that are usually not presented in a single book neither in a
competing course. In particular, the participants will
learn:
principles of traditional FDM and PCM multiplexing of
telephone channels;
basics of optical multiplexing systems (WDM, OTDM);
the bit justification techniques used in PDH multiplexing;
the SDH frame structure, overhead and multiplexing schemes;
the SDH pointer justification mechanism;
VCAT and LCAS;
BIP codes for bit error monitoring over SDH transmission
lines;
principles of ATM and IP data transport over SDH;
basic functions of SDH equipment (regenerators,
multiplexers, digital cross-connects), including such
specific aspects as scrambling, physical interfaces, alarming;
techniques of traffic protection in SDH networks;
basics of SDH network synchronization;
basics of SDH network management;
techniques and practical procedures for SDH system
testing.
Pre-Requisites for Participants
For best understanding of course topics, basic knowledge of
digital telecommunications (telephone systems, PCM,
multiplexing) is recommended.
Who Should Attend?
This course has been designed primarily for the technical
personnel of telecommunications operators, service providers
and equipment suppliers. This may include, but not
exclusively, PDH/SDH system engineers, network planners,
hardware and software designers, engineers in charge of
system testing, operation, maintenance and customer support.
It is well suited also for marketing and product managers,
who need an overview on all aspects of this technology for
promoting products effectively.
Not only practitioners or new-to-the job should attend this
course, but also senior personnel with expertise in the
field may discover several enlightening aspects and will
benefit from attending it. The richness and depth of course
topics cover a wide spectrum of practical and theoretical
issues.
Course Outline
Introduction
Multiplexing
frequency division multiplexing (FDM) and FDM hierarchy
analog/digital conversion
time division multiplexing (TDM)
PCM telephone multiplex
synchronous digital multiplexing
optical multiplexing (WDM, OTDM)
PDH transmission systems
asynchronous digital multiplexing
bit justification
frame structure
PDH multiplexing hierarchy
PDH equipment
drawbacks
SDH transmission systems
historical outline
ITU-T standards
advantages compared to PDH
SDH e SONET hierarchical levels
SDH frame structure
ETSI and ITU-T multiplexing schemes
multiplexing elements
examples of synchronous multiplexing
pointer justification
concatenation
overhead
SDH frame for radio systems
BIP-n codes: bit error rate estimation
Data transport over SDH
overview
ATM over SDH
ATM basics
ITU-T protocol reference model
Physical Layer
ATM mapping in SDH VCs
IP over SDH (Packet over SDH)
motivation
protocol stack
beyond STM-16
SDH equipment
functional schemes
scrambling
alarms and alarm states
physical interfaces and line systems
regenerators
Line Terminal Multiplexers, Add Drop Multiplexers (ADM) and application examples
Digital Cross Connect (DXC) and application examples
radio relay equipment and application examples
SDH network architectures
overview
traffic protection: line protection, ring protection, restoration in DXC networks
applications
Synchronization aspects in SDH networks
synchronization in telecommunications
timing relationships among digital signals
synchronous and asynchronous transport modes
jitter and wander
causes of jitter and wander in SDH transmission systems
network synchronization
models and characterization of clocks
Testing of SDH equipment and systems
instrumentation
testing of SDH equipment
testing of SDH systems
Basics of SDH network management
general model of Telecommunication Management Network (TMN)
TMN functional architecture
TMN physical architecture
information model
SDH network management
