Course Objectives
The participants will learn:

• that the word “synchronisation” is used in several contexts in telecommunications, addressing a wide spectrum of different timing issues
• bit and byte justification techniques used in PDH and SDH multiplexing, emphasizing timing and jitter issues
• basic concepts such as jitter and timing relationships between timing signals
• timing aspects in SDH/SONET networks, such as the main causes of jitter in SDH/SONET networks and what are synchronizers, desynchronizers and pointer processors
• how network synchronisation issues evolved with the telephone networks, beginning from old FDM networks up to the latest technologies, through PDH, SDH/SONET, ATM and mobile telephone cellular networks
• strategies and issues of synchronisation in Next-Generation Networks
• strategies and standard architectures of synchronisation networks
• principles of synchronisation network planning, management, protection and performance monitoring
• models and characterisation of telecommunications clocks
• principles of operation of clocks for synchronisation networks
• principles of Network Time Protocol (NTP);
• time and frequency measurement techniques in telecommunications, emphasizing practical aspects.

Pre Requisites
For best understanding and enjoyment of some topics of this tutorial, basic knowledge of SDH/SONET systems and digital multiplexing is recommended.

Who Should Attend?
This course has been designed primarily for the technical personnel of telecommunications operators, service providers and equipment suppliers. This may include, but not exclusively, system engineers, network planners, designers and engineers in charge of system testing, operation, maintenance and customer support.

Course Duration
5 days

Course Outline

• Evolution of network synchronization from fixed to mobile communications
• Synchronization in Next-Generation Networks
• Basic concepts
• Synchronous and asynchronous digital multiplexing
• Timing aspects in SDH/SONET networks
• Evolution of network synchronization requirements and architectures
• Synchronization in Next-Generation Networks
• Synchronization networks
• Principles of Network Time Protocol (NTP) and Precision Time Protocol (PTP)
• Models and characterization of telecommunications clocks
• Telecommunications clock technologies
• Time and frequency measurement techniques in telecommunications
• Open discussion of network cases proposed by the participants